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Gate Symposium 2017

Driving Question For Gate Symposium

5/15/2017

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In what ways do multiple perspectives on terrorism create ethical conflict between countries?

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Student Led-Research & Results

5/15/2017

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STUDENT-LED RESEARCH PLAN
Group members:
Please write the names of your group members here (including their PARK ELA class period):

Cristian Víctor-Vega — Period ¾
Adrian Carrillo — Period ¾

Driving Question:
What is your driving question? Please type it out below.

In what ways do multiple perspectives on terrorism create ethical conflicts between countries?
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Interview
Who are you planning on interviewing? Please write their name, occupation, and email address.

We are planning on interviewing two people; one from the Middle-East and one from Southern America to see the differences of how people view others and how they view terrorism.

How are you going to contact them? Are they a family friend, someone you know, a relative, a friend’s parent, a teacher’s friend? A stranger? If so, how will you contact the stranger and what will you say? (If you are emailing, your mentor must approve the email and you must make sure your mentor is cc’d to the email. If you are meeting someone, you MUST be accompanied with an adult like a parent or older sibling who is 18 or older. If you are calling, you MUST have a mentor or adult in the room with you as you call.)  

We are planning on interviewing my Dad’s friend which is from Southern America in person, and the other person by text message on a Gaming Platform named Steam. He is from the Middle-East.

When do you plan on conducting the interview?

March 28, 2017

What are the 5 questions that you will ask the person?

  • Is terrorism a major problem in the world today? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • Do you agree that terrorism is viewed as a major issue on the country you are in? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • Do you think it’s plausible (reasonable) that terrorists groups around the world are a major issue? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • Do you believe the U.S. biases terrorism? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • What are the complexities of terrorism? In other words, do you think terrorism has one right statement or multiple answers? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • Do you believe terrorism is portrayed inaccurately amongst other countries and creates conflict? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk
  • Do you believe that it is stereotypical to portray a certain terrorist group, society, etc. into a bigger society such as a country or countries? Yes/Maybe/No/Idk

How do your interview questions help investigate the DRIVING QUESTION?

The questions focus more on opinion than facts. It can focus more on multiple perspectives, because we want to see what different people from different countries think and portray of terrorism.

What are the limitations or possible flaws of your interview?

The only limitation is that, that person might not want to talk about it.
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SLr Results
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ISD

5/15/2017

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Driving Question:
In what ways do multiple perspectives on terrorism create ethical conflicts between countries?


Language of the Discipline

Terrorism :
  • the use of violence or threat of violence in order to purport a political1, religious, or ideological change
  • it can only be committed by non-state actors or undercover personnel serving on the behalf of their respective governments
  • it reaches more than the immediate target victims and is also directed at targets consisting of a larger spectrum of society
  • it’s both mala prohibita (i.e., crime that is made illegal by legislation) and mala in se (i.e., crime that’s inherently immoral or wrong)


Multiple Perspectives

There are multiple types of terrorism. There are five in particular which express the following:
  • State-Sponsored Terrorism, which consists of terrorist acts on a state or government by a state or government.
  • Dissent Terrorism, which are terrorists groups which have rebelled against their government.
  • Terrorist and the Left and Right, which are groups rooted in political ideology.
  • Religious Terrorism, which are terrorists groups which are extremely religiously motivated.
  • Criminal Terrorism, which are terrorists acts used to aid in crime and criminal profit.
Not only are there multiple types of terrorism but also perspectives from people, a society, etc.
The examples are the following:
  • S. Sanyal showed(2001)“The success of a terrorist act depends on the reaction of the society towards it. As one commentator has remarked, terrorist violence is always 'propaganda of the deed.' Paul Wilkinson notes that "Political terrorism is thus, par excellence, a weapon of psychological warfare... and the terrorists judge their own' success' or 'failure' primarily in terms of political, psychological and propaganda impact rather than purely by traditional military criteria of death and damage caused."(p. 1)
  • She stated “Except for specific weapons like certain expanding bullets and poison gas, any kind of attack against an enemy combatant in a declared war will avoid the attachment of the label “terrorist.” (Jones, 2008, p. 15)
  • According to Tori DeAngelis (2009)“For one thing, terrorists aren't likely to volunteer as experimental subjects, and examining their activities from afar can lead to erroneous conclusions. What's more, one group's terrorist is another group's freedom fighter, as the millions of Arabs who support Palestinian suicide bombers will attest.”(p. 1)


Conflicts are composed of opposing forces

Apart from multiple perspectives, a contribution to it is ethics. Ethics and multiple perspectives seem similar in these instances but they’re not. Terrorism has been portrayed inaccurately over the time by media, societies, and people around the world. Therefore, this causes opposing forces between the two particular peoples. There is no willing answer for who to really blame on terrorism because of all the coverage. Here are some examples:
  • She stated “Except for specific weapons like certain expanding bullets and poison gas, any kind of attack against an enemy combatant in a declared war will avoid the attachment of the label “terrorist.” (Jones, 2008, p. 15)
  • Richard A. Couto said (2010)“One who is active in politics seeks legitimate authority through one of these avenues rather than justifying violence by invoking one or more of these forms of authority. The state’s use of violence is not terror when it appears as justified by legitimate authority; a contestable terrain. It appears more clearly as unjustified violence and terror as groups understand legitimate authority as cultural and social subordination or when it attempts to eliminate legitimate opposition.”(p.11)
  • Omar Alnatour stated (2017)“Every time an act of terror or shooting occurs, Muslims closely watch the news with extreme trepidation praying that the suspect is not Muslim. This is not because these terrorists are likely to be Muslim but rather because in the instances where they happen to be, we see amplified mass media coverage and extreme unjustified hatred towards Muslims.” (p. 1)
  • According to Richard A.Couto (2010) “The decisive distinction between them is consideration of consequences of action. The ethic of ultimate ends focuses on intention while the ethic of responsibility focuses on the foreseeable consequences of one’s actions. “The believer in an ethic of ultimate ends feels “responsible” only for seeing to it that the flame of pure intentions is not squelched; for example, the flame of protesting against the injustice of the social order” (p. 13)


Terrorism may allow for synthesis and change

The multiple perspectives which contribute to ethical conflicts later create multiple impacts on terrorist issues. The reasons for this are:
  • According to Tim Krieger (2010) “Since the attacks of New York and Washington on September 11, 2001, political and the general public have tried to bring to light the factors that incite terror.” (p. 1)
  • In 2010 Richard A.Couto said  “Arendt brings us to the central point of a theory of politics and political terrorism. Power may have legitimacy if rooted in authority but violence may have only justification. When a state resorts to violence against its own citizens, it admits that it no longer has the strength and power of legitimate authority to command the compliance without coercion.”(p. 19)
  • Richard A. Couto said (2010)“When a group resorts to terror against its own citizens or another state, it admits it does not have power or strength to use other forms of violence, such as guerrilla or conventional warfare, to challenge the legitimacy of the state. Its violence challenges the state’s authority over a monopoly of justified or, in Weber’s terms legitimate, violence. It justifies its own violence,terrorism, in the illegitimate authority or actions of the state which may include a disproportionate use of violence, which is an unjustifiable scale of it.” (p. 19)
  • Bruce A. Clark once stated(2008)“To me, it makes a difference whether someone is attacking a perpetrator of the grievance or some non-involved third party. In the above hypothetical Vietnamese attack on the twin towers and the Pentagon, they would have been been doing nothing different from what their adversary was doing, using the means they had.”


Terrorism may be natural or man-made

Terrorism is natural and man-made, however, in these cases, terrorism is only man-made because the conflicts created are by a people, society, etc. Terrorism is usually caused because of religious acts, political reasons, or ideological actions. It is not only for beliefs, also because some have suffered a tragedy and/or wants to avenge whoever they lost. According to Richard A.Couto (2010) “The decisive distinction between them is consideration of consequences of action. The ethic of ultimate ends focuses on intention while the ethic of responsibility focuses on the foreseeable consequences of one’s actions. “The believer in an ethic of ultimate ends feels “responsible” only for seeing to it that the flame of pure intentions is not squelched; for example, the flame of protesting against the injustice of the social order” (p. 13). This here proves terrorism may be man-made.


Terrorism may be intentional or unintentional
Terrorist may not want to go and kill people, but their religion might make them.

Richard A.Couto (2010) “Weber spends considerable space outlining the preeminent qualities  of  a leader  with avocation  for politics,  that  is  someone who seeks  power as a means to serve other ends and not merely self-gratification—passion, a feeling of responsibility, and a sense of proportion. These qualities, like all human qualities, are held together in  paradoxical if not contradictory fashion.” Another piece of evidence comes from Tim Krieger who quoted (2009) “Apart from economics and politics, there may also be an independent effect of demographic and cultural factors on transnational terrorist attack patterns. These factors are linked to hypotheses that link terrorism to identity conflict and strain that accompany modernization processes.” (pg.12)


Terrorism is progressive

Terrorism has never been the same. First it started with invasions. There is still invasion happening right now, like in Afghanistan. However, the terrorist acts are getting are more serious from time to time. According to Lawyer LeVine(2001) “The first recorded use of "terrorism" and "terrorist" was in 1795, relating to the Reign of Terror instituted by the French government. The use of "terrorist" to signify anti-government activities was recorded in 1866 referring to Ireland, and in 1883 referring to Russia.” Many innovations have struck into the terrorist mind. For example in Afghanistan drones are used for dropping bombs on the enemy. It does not only innovate physically, but mentally too. According to Dr.James Hess, “One thing that is common through these waves is how ideology influences organizations. Ideology determines the target, (i.e. assassinations of national leaders during the Anarchist Wave, or the twin towers during 9/11).Rapoport’s wave theory to describe how ideology has evolved is relevant in our understanding of modern terrorism, which is supported by both Crenshaw’s violent resistance and Reich’s expression of political strategy.”


REFERENCES PAGE
  • Bruce A. Clark (2008, April). The Ethics of Terrorism. Retrieved from http://www.spectacle.org/0408/clark.html
  • Daniel Meierrieks, Tim Krieger (2010, February 8). What Causes Terrorism?. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1148682
  • Richard A. Couto (2010, February 28). The Politics of Terrorism : Power, Legitimacy, and Violence. Retrieved from https://integral-review.org/issues/vol_6_no_1_couto_the_politics_of_terrorism.pdf
  • S. Sanyal (2001). One Man’s Terrorist Victims’ Perspectives on Terrorism. Retrieved from http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume7/Fault7-SSanyal.htm
  • Max Roser, Mohamed Nagdy (2016). ‘Terrorism’. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism/
  • Tori DeAngelis (2010, November). Understanding Terrorism. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/11/terrorism.aspx
  • Omar Alnatour (2017). Muslims Are Not Terrorists: A Factual Look at Terrorism and Islam. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/omar-alnatour/muslims-are-not-terrorist_b_8718000.html
  • HLS-101 Terrorism. Retrieved from http://hlsonline.eku.edu/hls-101-terrorism
  • Definitions of Terrorism. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism
  • 10 thing to know about terrorism
          http://www.wussu.com/current/levine.htm
  • http://inpublicsafety.com/2015/07/the-evolution-of-modern-terrorism/
     Dr.James Hess


BOARD TAG
Driving Question: In what ways do multiple perspectives on terrorism create ethical conflicts between countries?
Names of student researchers: Cristian Victor, Adrian Carrillo
Grade level: 8
Mentor teacher: Park, Torres, Garrett
Special notes about handling and or placement or presentation space needed:
The placements on presentation space might be quite broad rather than tight. However, we will try to use as much space as possible.
ENDING QUESTIONS
  • What makes a terrorist a terrorist?
  • How does a terrorist think?
  • What are the pros and cons of being a terrorist?
  • Does religion affect how a terrorist think?
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Gate Symposium Tri-Fold Board and Progress

5/14/2017

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Picture
Board INformation
Surveys
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Reflection #3

5/14/2017

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Since the last time I wrote about my research, I learned that terrorism is viewed very similar depending on the country you are in or the beliefs you have, etc. However, what I learned about myself was that I didn’t have the ability to do work consistently since the ability of working with another person was hopeless and was a regret as they lacked of knowledge to dedicate their time on the project. Anyways, we decided to draw natural land factors to show how multiple perspectives on terrorism can create ethical conflicts between two opposing forces. A supplemental piece that has been in our visualisations has been to do an atomic bomb and place the objects who portray another certain object as all being terrorists at the top of the bomb and the objects being displayed as terrorists being the victims of the atom bomb’s blast, proving that the bias of the object is a purpose that creates conflict since it provides a propaganda that certain countries should all be viewed as a majority of a terrorist group and not by the minority. It shows the innocence of all of those people whose country has terrorists groups being killed by the explosion and radiation of the bomb. In order to do this, we need to provide deep information of how the atomic bomb relates to the conflicts of terrorism and how the people being affected by it have to relate to it. The ongoing collaboration is not working well as the other group member works separately from his group and prefers to talk to other groups’ members.
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Symposium Reflection #2

5/11/2017

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Since the last time our research was written, we found out multiple things about terrorism. Contributing to the multiple perspectives and portrayals it has, it also has various types of it (such as it is broken down into factors or components). Yes, there isn’t only type of terrorism but multiple ones because not all causes are the same when they lead up to terrorism. We also found out more information of how people view and misjudge certain races for their antecedents with another society. Therefore, we decided to interview people around the world to gather information of how different societies view terrorism and their opinions of who seems like a terrorist to them. The ease of this part of the project is that we can interrogate people all over the world and then converge that information to see what terrorism is. The hard part though, is that in the process of interrogation, sometimes the questions will be sophisticated to answer because the person sometimes has no valid answer such as “yes/no” and has to go into depth to explain his perspectives neutrally or in both views.  To complete this component, we need to gather up similar information to sum it up into a final answer. In conclusion, we’ve been working sufficiently in order to maintain our data wisely and thoroughly.
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